《诗经》赋比兴的历史研究略说
作者: 常慧玲
写作提纲:赋、比、兴是三种表现手法。
赋就是陈述铺叙的意思。雅诗,颂诗中多用此方法。
比就是譬喻,或喻于声,或方于貌,或拟于心,或譬于事
兴就是借助其他事物作为诗歌的开头。
1. 赋比兴的含义和作用。
2. 不同朝代,不同学者的各种解释。
1) 汉代对赋、比、兴的解释
2) 魏晋南北朝时期的论述
3) 唐宋时期的论述
4) 明清时期的研究
3.小结。
诗经的赋比兴
内容提要:赋比兴与风雅颂合称为“六艺”或“六诗”。对于赋比兴含义的解释,历代众说纷谈,其中最有代表性的是南宋人朱熹的解释:
“赋者,敷陈其事而直言之者也”;
“比者,以彼物比此物也”;
“兴者,先言他物以引起所咏之词也。”
他的解释比较平实恰切,为后世普遍接受。之后,历代的学者都有不同的说法。
Abstract:
Fu,Bi,Xing and Feng,Ya,Song arecalled “Liu Shi” or “Liu Yi”together.By now there have been many different explanations of the exact meaning of“Fu,Bi,Xing”.And the most representative explanation was made by Zhu Xi who lived in Nan Song Dynasty.
“Fu” is a kind of station that represents something directly and exactly.
“Bi”may be explained as metaphor .It means we use some words or phrases to indicate something similar.
“Xing”is a kind of rhetoric that states something at first to indicate the things you want to express.
Zhu Xi gave “Fu,Bi,Xing”an exact and easy-understood explanation.So it has been accepted by people widely. From then on, there are still a lot of famous scholars devoted to this study.
关键词:诗经 赋 比 兴
Key Word:Shi Jing Fu Bi Xing
诗经的赋比兴
《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,分为风、雅、颂三大类,共三百零五篇,所以也称为诗三百。它的产生年代,大致上约为西周初年至春秋中叶,历时五百多年。《诗经》,先秦称《诗》或《诗三百》,汉朝时儒家将其奉为经典,称为《诗经》,沿用至今,《诗经》收入了305篇诗;另有6篇只存题目而无内容。叫做“笙诗”。其表现手法为赋、比、兴。“赋比兴”的提出,最早见于〈〈周礼.春官.太师〉〉:“太师教六诗,曰风,曰赋,曰比,曰雅,曰颂”。